China overtook the United States in 2024 to become Belgium’s largest non-EU supplier, according to the Belgian Foreign Trade Agency’s latest annual report. The shift reflects evolving global trade patterns and Belgium’s expanding role as a European logistics hub.
U.S. imports drop sharply while China maintains position
Belgian imports from the U.S. dropped by 13%, from €36.1 billion in 2023 to €31.4 billion in 2024. Meanwhile, imports from China declined only slightly — by 3.6% — reaching €32.1 billion, allowing China to surpass the U.S. in non-EU trade volume. Within the EU, the Netherlands remains Belgium’s leading trading partner, followed by Germany and France.
China among top export destinations despite modest decline
Belgium’s exports to China also saw a minor decrease of 3.8%, totaling €7.88 billion in 2024. China remains Belgium’s tenth-largest export destination and its second-largest non-EU customer, following the United States. Germany continues to top the list of export markets, with France and the Netherlands close behind.
Despite fluctuations, trade with China remains vital for Belgium’s international commerce. The bilateral trade deficit, though narrowing, is still significant — down from €35.3 billion in 2022 to €24.2 billion in 2024.
Logistics role and key sectors driving trade
China’s dominance is driven by strong demand for electronics, machinery, textiles, chemicals, and consumer goods. In return, Belgium exports pharmaceuticals, chemicals, machinery, and food and drink products. Demand from China for Belgian biotech, premium food items like chocolate and beer, and industrial services continues to grow.
Notably, around two-thirds of Chinese goods imported into Belgium are re-exported to other European countries, underlining Belgium’s strategic value in global supply chains.
